A Dirty Job Chapter 15 Free Essays

15 THE CALL OF BOOTY Fuck puppets,† Ray said out of nowhere. He was on the stair-climbing machine next to Charlie and they were both sweating and staring at a row of six, perfectly tuned female bottoms aimed at them from the machines in front of them. â€Å"What was that?† Charlie said. We will write a custom essay sample on A Dirty Job Chapter 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Fuck puppets,† Ray said. â€Å"That’s what they are.† Ray had talked Charlie into coming to his health club with him under the pretense of getting him into the flow of being single. Actually, because Ray was an ex-cop, watched people more closely than really was healthy, had too much time on his hands, and didn’t get out much himself, the real reason he asked Charlie to come work out with him was so he could get to know him outside of the shop. He’d noticed a strange pattern that had developed since Rachel’s death, of Charlie showing up with people’s property shortly after their obituary appeared in the paper. Because Charlie kept to himself socially and was secretive about what he did when he was out of the shop, not to mention all the little animals that ended up dead in Charlie’s apartment, Ray suspected that he might be a serial killer. Ray decided to try to get close to his boss and find out for sure. â€Å"Keep your voice down, Ray,† Charlie said. â€Å"Jeez.† Since Ray couldn’t turn his head, he was talking right at the women’s butts. â€Å"They can’t hear me; look, every single one has on a headset.† He was right, every one of them was talking on a cell phone. â€Å"You and I are invisible to them.† Having actually been invisible to people, or nearly so, Charlie did a double take. It was midmorning and the gym was full of lean spandex-clad women in their twenties with disproportionately large breasts, perfect skin, and expensive hair, who seemed to have the ability to look right through him the way that everyone did when he was in pursuit of a soul vessel. In fact, when he and Ray had first come into the gym, Charlie had actually looked around for some object, pulsing red, thinking that he might have missed a name on his date book that morning. â€Å"After I was shot I dated a physical therapist that worked here for a while,† Ray said. â€Å"She called them that: fuck puppets. Every one of them has an apartment that some older executive guy is paying for – just like he paid for the health-club membership and the fake tits. They spend their days getting facials and manicures, and their nights under some suit out of his suit.† Charlie was wildly uncomfortable with Ray’s litany, talking about these women who were only a couple of feet away. Like any Beta Male, he would have been wildly uncomfortable in the presence of so many beautiful women anyway, but this made it worse. â€Å"So like they’re like trophy wives?† Charlie said. â€Å"Nuh-uh, like wannabe trophy wives. They don’t get the guy, the house, whatever. They just exist to be his perfect piece of ass.† â€Å"Fuck puppets?† Charlie said. â€Å"Fuck puppets,† said Ray. â€Å"But forget them, they’re not why you’re here.† Ray was right, of course. They weren’t why Charlie was there. Five years had passed since Rachel’s death, and everyone had been telling him he needed to get back in the game, but that’s not why he agreed to accompany the ex-cop to the gym. Because Charlie spent too much time on his own, especially since Sophie had started school, and because he’d been hiding a secret identity and avocation, he’d started to suspect that everyone might have one. And since Ray kept to himself, talked a lot about people in the neighborhood who had died, and because he really didn’t seem to have a social life beyond the Filipino women he contacted online, Charlie suspected Ray might be a serial killer. Charlie thought he’d try to get closer to Ray and find out. â€Å"So they’re like mistresses?† Charlie said. â€Å"Like in Europe?† â€Å"I suppose,† Ray said. â€Å"But did you ever get the impression that mistresses worked this hard to look good? I think fuck puppet is more accurate, because when they get too old to hold the attention of their guy, they’ve got nothing more going. They’ll be done, like marionettes with no one at the strings.† â€Å"Jeez, Ray, that’s harsh.† Maybe Ray is stalking one of these women, Charlie thought. Ray shrugged. Charlie looked up and down the line of perfect derrieres, then felt the weight of his years alone or in the company of a child and two giant dogs, and said, â€Å"I want a fuck puppet.† Aha! thought Ray. He’s picking a victim. â€Å"Me, too,† he said. â€Å"But guys like us don’t get fuck puppets, Charlie. We just get ignored by them.† Aha! Charlie thought. The bitter sociopath comes out. â€Å"So that’s why you brought me here, so I could show I was out of shape in front of gorgeous women who wouldn’t notice?† â€Å"No, the fuck puppets are fun to look at, but there’s some normal women who come here, too.† Who won’t talk to me either, Ray thought. â€Å"Who won’t talk to you either,† Charlie said. Because they can tell that you are a psychokiller. â€Å"We’ll see in the juice bar after our workout,† Ray said. Where I’ll sit at an angle so I can watch you pick your victim. You sick fuck, they thought. Charlie awoke to find not one, but three new names in his date book, and the last one, a Madison McKerny, had only three days for him to retrieve her soul vessel. Charlie kept a stack of newspapers in the house and, typically, would go back for a month looking for an obituary of his new client. More often, if the hellhounds would give him some peace, he would simply wait for the name to appear in the obituary section, then go find the soul vessel when it was easy to get into the house, with mourners or posing as an estate buyer. But this time he had only three days, and Madison McKerny hadn’t appeared in the obituaries, so that meant she was probably still alive, and he couldn’t find her in the phone book either, so he was going to need to get moving quickly. Mrs. Ling and Mrs. Korjev liked to do their marketing on Saturdays, so he called his sister, Jane, and asked her to come watch Sophie. â€Å"I want a baby brother,† Sophie announced to her Auntie Jane. â€Å"Oh, sweetie, I’m sorry, you can’t have a baby brother, because that would mean that Daddy had sex, and that’s never going to happen again.† â€Å"Jane, don’t talk to her that way,† Charlie said. He was making sandwiches for them and wondering why he always got stuck making the sandwiches. To Sophie, he said, â€Å"Honey, why don’t you go in your room and play with Alvin and Mohammed, Daddy needs to talk with Auntie Jane.† â€Å"Okay,† Sophie said, skipping off to her room. â€Å"And don’t change clothes again, those are fine,† Charlie said. â€Å"That’s the fourth outfit she’s had on today,† he said to Jane. â€Å"She changes clothes like you change girlfriends.† â€Å"Ouch. Be gentle, Chuck, I’m sensitive and I can still kick your ass.† Charlie spanked some mayonnaise onto a whole wheat slice to show he was serious. â€Å"Jane, I’m not sure it’s healthy for her to have all these different aunties around. She’s already had a hard time losing her mother, and now you’ve moved away – I just don’t think she should keep getting attached to these women only to have them yanked out of her life. She needs a consistent female influence.† â€Å"First, I have not moved away, I’ve moved across town, and I see her every bit as often as when I lived in the building. Second, it’s not like I’m promiscuous, I’m just shitty at relationships. Third, Cassie and I have been together for three months, and we’re doing fine so far, which is why I’ve moved out. And fourth, Sophie did not lose her mother, she never had her mother, she had you, and if you’re going to be a decent human being, you need to get laid.† â€Å"That’s what I mean, you can’t talk like that in front of Sophie.† â€Å"Charlie, it’s true! Even Sophie can see it. She doesn’t even know what it is and she can tell that you’re not getting any.† Charlie stopped constructing sandwiches and came over to the counter. â€Å"It’s not sex, Jane. It’s human contact. I was getting my hair cut the other day and the hairdresser’s breast rubbed against my shoulder and I almost came. Then I almost cried.† â€Å"Sounds like sex to me, little brother. Have you been with anyone since Rachel died?† â€Å"You know I haven’t.† â€Å"That’s wrong. Rachel wouldn’t want that for you. You have to know that. I mean she took pity on you and hooked up with you, and that couldn’t have been easy for her, knowing she could do so much better.† â€Å"Took pity on me?† â€Å"That’s what I’m saying. She was a sweet woman, and you’re much more pitiful now than you were then. You had more hair then, and you didn’t have a kid and two dogs the size of Volvos. Hell, there’s probably some order of nuns that would do you now, just as a holy act of mercy. Or penance.† â€Å"Stop it, Jane.† â€Å"The Sisters of Perpetual Nookiless Suffering.† â€Å"I’m not that bad,† Charlie said. â€Å"The Holy Order of Saint Bonny of the BJ, patron saint of Web porn and incurable wankers.† â€Å"Okay, Jane, I’m sorry I said that about you changing girlfriends. I was out of line.† Jane leaned back on her bar stool and crossed her arms, looking satisfied but skeptical. â€Å"But the problem remains.† â€Å"I’m fine. I have Sophie and I have the business, I don’t need a girlfriend.† â€Å"A girlfriend? A girlfriend is too ambitious for you. You just need someone to have sex with.† â€Å"I do not.† â€Å"Yes, you do.† â€Å"Yes, I do,† Charlie said, defeated. â€Å"But I have to go. Are you okay to watch Sophie?† â€Å"Sure, I’m going to take her to my place. I have an obnoxious neighbor up the street that I’d like to introduce to the puppies. Will they poop on command?† â€Å"They will if Sophie tells them.† â€Å"Perfect. We’ll see you tonight. Promise me you’ll ask someone out. Or at least look for someone to ask out.† â€Å"I promise.† â€Å"Good. Did you get that new blue pinstripe tailored yet?† â€Å"Stay out of my closet.† â€Å"Don’t you need to get going?† Ray figured that it had probably started when Charlie murdered all those little animals he brought home for his daughter. Maybe buying the big black dogs was a cry for help – pets that someone would really notice being gone. According to the movies, they all started out that way – with the little animals, then before long they moved up to hitchhikers, hookers, and pretty soon they were mummifying a whole flock of counselors at some remote summer camp and posing the crusty remains around a card table in their mountain lair. The mountain lair didn’t fit the profile for Charlie, since he had allergies, but that might just be an indication of his diabolical genius. (Ray had been a street cop, so it hadn’t really been necessary for him to study criminal profiling, and his theories tended toward the colorful, a side effect of his Beta Male imagination and large DVD collection.) But Charlie had asked Ray to use his contacts on the force and at the DMV a half-dozen times to locate people, all of whom ended up dead a few weeks later. But not murders. And while a lot of items belonging to the recently deceased had turned up in the shop in the last few years (Ray had found antitheft numbers etched on a dozen items and called them in to a friend on the force who identified the owners), none of them had been murdered either. There were a few accidents, but mostly it was natural causes. Either Charlie was devious to an extraordinary degree, or Ray was out of his mind, a possibility that he didn’t discount completely, if for no other reason than he had three ex-wives who would testify to it. Thus, he’d devised the workout ruse to draw Charlie out. Then again, Charlie had always treated him really well, and if it turned out he didn’t have a mountain lair full of mummified camp counselors, Ray knew he’d feel bad about tricking him. What if there was nothing wrong with Charlie except that he needed to get laid? Ray was chatting with Eduardo, his new girlfriend at when Charlie came down the back steps. â€Å"Ray, I need you to find someone for me.† â€Å"Hang on a second, I have to sign off. Charlie, check out my new squeeze.† Ray pulled up a photo on the screen of a heavily made-up but attractive Asian woman. â€Å"She’s pretty, Ray. I can’t give you any time off right now to go to the Philippines, though. Not until we hire someone to take Lily’s shifts.† Charlie leaned into the screen. â€Å"Dude, her name is Eduardo.† â€Å"I know. It’s a Filipino thing, like Edwina.† â€Å"She has a five-o’clock shadow.† â€Å"You’re just being a racist. Some races have more facial hair than others. I don’t care about that, I just want someone who is honest and caring and attractive.† â€Å"She has an Adam’s apple.† Ray squinted at the screen, then quickly clicked off the monitor and spun around on the stool. â€Å"So who do you need me to find?† â€Å"It’s okay, Ray,† Charlie said. â€Å"An Adam’s apple doesn’t preclude someone from being honest, caring, and attractive, it just makes it less likely.† â€Å"Right. It was just bad lighting, I think. Anyway, who do you need to find?† â€Å"All I have is the name Madison McKerny. I know he or she lives in the city, but that’s all I know.† â€Å"It’s a she.† â€Å"Pardon me?† â€Å"Madison, it’s a stripper’s name.† Charlie shook his head. â€Å"You know this woman?† â€Å"I don’t know her, although the name seems familiar. But Madison is a new-generation stripper name. Like Reagan and Morgan.† â€Å"Lost me, Ray.† â€Å"I’ve spent some time in strip joints, Charlie. I’m not proud of it, but it’s sort of what you do when you’re a cop. And you pick up on the pattern of stripper names.† â€Å"Didn’t know that.† â€Å"Yeah, and there’s sort of a progression going back to the fifties: Bubbles, Boom Boom, and Blaze begat Bambi, Candy, and Jewel, who begat Sunshine, Brandy, and Cinnamon, who begat Amber, Brittany, and Brie, who begat Reagan, Morgan, and Madison. Madison is a stripper name.† â€Å"Ray, you weren’t even alive in the fifties.† â€Å"No, I wasn’t alive during the forties either, but I know about World War Two and big-band music. I’m into history.† â€Å"Right. So, I need to look for a stripper? Doesn’t help. I don’t even know where to start.† â€Å"I’ll go through the DMV and the tax records. If she’s in town we’ll have an address on her by this afternoon. Why do you need to find her?† There was a pause while Charlie pretended to find a smudge on the glass of the counter display case, wiped it away, then said, â€Å"Uh, it’s an estate thing. One of the estates we got recently had some items that were left to her.† â€Å"Shouldn’t the executor of the estate take care of that, or his lawyer?† â€Å"It’s minutiae, not named in the will. The executor asked me to handle it. There’s fifty bucks in it for you.† Ray grinned. â€Å"That’s okay, I was going to help anyway, but if she turns out to be a stripper I get to go with you, okay?† â€Å"Deal,† Charlie said. Three hours later Ray gave the address to Charlie and watched as his boss bolted out of the shop and grabbed a cab. Why a cab? Why not take the van? Ray wanted to follow, needed to follow, but he had to find someone to cover the store. He should have anticipated this, but he’d been distracted. Ray had been distracted since talking to Charlie, not just by the search for Madison McKerny, but also because he was trying to figure out how to work â€Å"Do you have a penis?† casually into the conversation with his sweetheart, Eduardo. After a couple of teasing e-mails, he could stand it no longer and had just typed out, Eduardo, not that it makes any difference, but I’m thinking of sending you some sexy lingerie as a friendship present, and I wondered if I should make any special accommodations for the panties. Then he waited. And waited. And granted that it was five in the morning in Manila, he was second-guessing himself. Had he been too vague, or had he not been vague enough? And now he had to go. He knew where Charlie was going, but he had to get there before anything happened. He dialed Lily’s cell phone, hoping that she wouldn’t be working at her other job and would do him a favor. â€Å"Speak, ingrate,† Lily answered. â€Å"How did you know it was me?† Ray asked. â€Å"Ray?† â€Å"Yeah, how did you know it was me?† â€Å"I didn’t,† Lily said. â€Å"What do you want?† â€Å"Can you come cover the store for me for a couple of hours?† Then, as he heard her take a deep breath that he was pretty sure would be propellant for verbal abuse, he added, â€Å"There’s fifty bucks extra in it for you.† Ray heard her exhale. Yes! After graduating from the Culinary Institute, Lily had gotten a job as a sous chef at a bistro in North Beach, but she didn’t make enough to move out of her mother’s apartment yet, so she let Charlie talk her into keeping a couple of shifts at Asher’s Secondhand, at least until he could find a replacement. â€Å"Okay, Ray, I’ll come in for a couple of hours, but I have to be at the restaurant by five, so be back or I’m closing up early.† â€Å"Thanks, Lily.† Charlie sincerely hoped that Ray wasn’t a serial killer, despite all the indications to the contrary. He would never have found this woman without Ray’s police contacts, and what would he do in the future if he needed to find someone and Ray was in jail? Then again, Ray’s experience as a cop could account for his never leaving any evidence. But why, then, would he continue to pursue the Filipino women over the Internet if he was just looking to kill people? Maybe that’s what he did when he went to the Philippines to visit his paramours. Maybe he killed desperate Filipinas. Maybe Ray was a tourist serial killer. Deal with it later, Charlie thought. For now, there’s a soul vessel to retrieve. Charlie got out of the cab outside of the Fontana, an apartment building just a block up from Ghirardelli Square, the waterfront chocolate factory turned tourist mall. The Fontana was a great, curved, concrete-and-glass building that commanded views of Alcatraz and the Golden Gate Bridge, and that had drawn the disdain of San Franciscans since it had been built in the 1960s. It wasn’t that it was an ugly building, although no one would argue that it wasn’t, but with the Victorian and Edwardian structures all around it, it looked very much like a giant air conditioner from outer space attacking a nineteenth-century neighborhood. However, the views from the apartments were exquisite, there was a doorman, underground parking, and a pool on the roof, so if you could handle the stigma of residing in an architectural pariah, it was a great place to live. The address Ray had given him for Madison was on the twenty-second floor, and so, presumably, was her soul vessel. Charlie wasn’t sure of the exact range of his unnoticeability (he refused to think of it as invisibility, because it wasn’t), but he hoped that it reached twenty-two floors. He was going to have to get past the doorman and into an elevator, and posing as an estate buyer wasn’t going to work. Ah, well, nothing ventured, nothing gained. If he got caught, he’d just have to find another way in. He waited by the door until a young woman in business attire went in, then followed her into the lobby. The doorman didn’t even look at him. Ray saw Charlie get out of the cab and told his own driver to stop a block away, where he hopped out, threw the driver a five and told him to keep the change, then dug in his pocket for the rest of the fare while the driver pounded on the wheel impatiently and cursed under his breath in Urdu. â€Å"Sorry, it’s been a while since I took a cab,† Ray said. Ray had a car, a nice little Toyota, but the only parking place he could find was eight blocks away from his apartment in the parking lot of a hotel managed by a friend of his, and when you got a parking place in San Francisco, you kept it, so Ray mostly used public transportation and only drove the car on his days off to keep the battery charged. He’d jumped in a taxi outside Charlie’s shop and shouted, â€Å"Follow that cab!† thus completely terrifying the Japanese family in the back. â€Å"Sorry,† Ray said. â€Å"Konichiwa. It’s been a while since I took a cab.† Then he jumped back out and caught a cab that didn’t have a fare. He sneaked quickly up the street, going from light post, to newspaper machine, to ad kiosk, ducking behind each, staying in his stealth-crouch, and achieving nothing whatsoever except to look like a complete loon to the kid standing at the bus stop across the street. He reached the underground parking entrance of the Fontana just as Charlie was making for the door. Ray crouched behind the key-card pillar. He wasn’t sure what he was going to do if Charlie went for the building. Fortunately, he’d memorized Madison McKerny’s phone number, and he could warn her that Charlie was coming. In the cab on the way down here he’d remembered where he’d seen her name: on the register at his health club. Madison McKerny was one of the midmorning fuck puppets from the gym, and as Ray suspected, Charlie was stalking her. He watched Charlie fall in behind a young woman in business dress who was heading up the walk into the Fontana, then Charlie was gone. Just gone. Ray came out onto the sidewalk to get a better angle. The woman was still there, she’d gone only a couple of steps, but he couldn’t see Charlie. There were no bushes, no walls, the whole damn lobby was glass, where the hell had he gone? Ray was sure he hadn’t looked away, he didn’t even think he had blinked, and he would have seen any sudden move Charlie might have made. Reverting to the Beta Male’s tendency to blame himself, Ray wondered if maybe he’d had some kind of petit mal seizure that had made him black out for a second. Whether he did or not, he had to warn Madison McKerny. He reached to his belt and felt the empty cell-phone clip, then remembered putting his phone under the register when he’d gotten to work that morning. Charlie found the right apartment and rang the bell. If he could get Madison McKerny to come out into the hallway, he could slip in behind her and look through her apartment for her soul vessel. Just down the hall there was a table with an artificial flower arrangement. He’d tipped it over, hoping she was compulsive or curious enough to come out of her apartment to get a closer look. If she wasn’t home, well, he’d have to break in. Odds were that with a doorman downstairs, she didn’t have an alarm system. But what if she could see him? Sometimes they could, the clients. Not often, but it happened, and – She opened the door. Charlie was stunned. She was stunning. Charlie stopped breathing and stared at her breasts. It wasn’t that she was a young and gorgeous brunette, with perfect hair and perfect skin. Nor was it that she was wearing a thin, white silk robe that just barely concealed her swimsuit-model figure. Nor was it because she had disproportionately large but alert breasts that were straining against the robe and peeking out of the plunging neckline as she leaned out the door, although that would have been enough to render the hapless Beta breathless under any circumstances. It was that her breasts were glowing red, right through the silk robe, glowing right out of the dcolletage like twin rising suns, pulsating like the lightbulb boobies of a kitschy Hawaiian hula girl lamp. Madison McKerny’s soul was residing in her breast implants. â€Å"I’ve got to get my hands on those,† Charlie said, forgetting that he wasn’t exactly alone and he wasn’t exactly thinking to himself. Then Madison McKerny noticed that Charlie was there and the screaming started. How to cite A Dirty Job Chapter 15, Essay examples

An Introduction to Consumer Behaviour Essay Sample free essay sample

This debut to consumer behavior will supply the background information necessary for the survey of consumer behavior. with respect to its nature. definition. development. consumer determination devising procedures. research methods. market cleavage and relationship selling. Through this it will research the features of consumer behavior and the major constructs in the survey of consumer behavior. In an ever- changing environment. the survey of consumer behavior will accommodate and alter. nevertheless this paper aims to supply an overview that may be considered the dateless history in theories about consumer behavior. Changing engineerings means that new signifiers of consumer behavior surveies are undertaken. and as Schiffman A ; Kanuk province ‘†¦new ways of merchandising merchandises and services became available to consumers during the past 15 old ages and are the consequence of digital technologies†¦and they exist today because they reflect an understand of cons umer demands and consumer behaviour’ . ( Schiffman A ; Kanuk. 2008 ) This paper aims to spread out on that point. and display illustrations of how consumer behavior surveies are undertaken in the twenty-first century. Specifying Consumer Behavior Consumer Behavior can be described as ‘The behavior that consumers display in seeking for. buying. utilizing. measuring and disposing of merchandises. services and ideas’ ( Schiffman A ; Kanuk. 2008 ) They go on to province that it is best described as ‘what people buy. why they buy. when they buy. where they buy. how frequently they buy. how frequently they use it. how they evaluate it after purchase and how they dispose of it. ’ ( Ibid ) It includes the survey of the determination doing procedure that people go through when make up ones minding whether to see a merchandise. service or thought. In add-on. it involves the seller. or the individual behind the survey of consumer behavior. who may utilize these surveies to promote the gross revenues of goods. services or thoughts. Moneesha Pachauri. of Nottingham University Business School provinces in ‘The Marketing Review. 2002’ that ‘simple observation provides limited penetration into th e complex nature of consumer pick and research workers have progressively sought the more sophisticated constructs and methods of probe provided by behavioural scientific disciplines in order to understand. predict. and perchance command consumer behaviour more efficaciously. ’ This statement can be married to the thought of the selling construct. which frequently goes manus in manus with consumer behavior. When sing consumer behavior. one must admit the two types of general consumer that exist. The personal consumer is purchasing for his/ her ain utilizations. This may be extended into family usage or gifts. Contrary to this. the Organizational Consumer consists of companies. charities. authorities bureaus and establishments that but merchandises in order to run their administrations. The manner of consumer behavior for each of these differs. but for the intent of this paper. we will analyze the personal consumer. The consumer goes through procedures which allow the act of ingestion to be evaluated from the point of job acknowledgment to the station purchase actions. These may be described through the consumer determination doing procedure. CONSUMER DECISION MAKING PROCESS The procedure that a consumer goes through when make up ones minding what or whether to consumer. This lies beneath the act of doing a purchase. and may be attributed to the psychological nucleus of the individual. The procedure includes seven stairss which consumers go through earlier doing a purchase. Step one may be described as ‘problem recognition’ . As the chief get downing factor of the determination devising procedure. it requires in depth analysis and research. Problem acknowledgment conjures the thought that jobs merely exist when we recognize them. Hoyer and MacInnis describe the job acknowledgment phase as ‘the perceived difference between an ideal and an existent province. ’ ( Hoyer A ; MacInnis. 2008 ) . The ideal province in this context refers to the manner the consumer wants things were. An illustration of this may be the want for a nice house or auto. In comparing to this. the existent province refers to how life truly is. or how the consu mer positions it. Examples would so be ‘this house is excessively old’ or ‘my auto is non fast enough’ . It is the acknowledgment of the existent province and ideal province that leads a consumer to the phase of job acknowledgment. It is within the job acknowledgment phase that the psychological job work outing discrepancies are considered. These include Extended. Routine and Limited job work outing. and the degree of committedness lending to each may or may non take to buy. In add-on. psychological and functional demands may be defined within this procedure. As a psychological demand the consumer feels personal satisfaction associated with a merchandise or service. Conversely. the functional demands refer to the public presentation of said merchandise or service. Phase two of the consumer determination doing procedure is referred to as the ‘Internal Search’ . This phase necessitate the consumer to dig into their memory. and hunt for replies in the long term memory. This may take to a remembrance of advertizements or utilizations in advancement that the consumer has acknowledged and stored. The external hunt follows this in the outside hunt for information. Communicating with others for advice and their internal cognition furthers the consumers desire to buy. The rating procedure so allows you to take these things you have learned and organize an attitude or sentiment on it. The creative activity of either a positive or negative sentiment will so take you to intention. The ‘say-do dichotomy’ of the state of affairs is examined during this phase. as the consumer has made a determination in their caput about whether or non they will carry through purchase. It is non the act of buying. but the psychological credence of t he merchandise service or thought. The 6th measure of purchase is the act itself. In Ireland. this phase is of all time altering. as new engineerings allow on-line buying and factors such as biotechnologies of a store no longer consequence the determination devising procedure. However. stores such as IKEA show that this purchase determination has physically effected the concern. even down to shop layout. The concluding phase involves cognitive disagreement. It is the station purchase rating of your merchandise or service. This allows the consumer to experience satisfaction or compunction in their purchase. and will take to an increased cognition for farther purchases. By measuring these seven stairss in the consumer determination doing procedure. sellers may raise ways to pull strings consumers by appealing to their determination devising procedure. Philip Kotler’s ‘Behavioral Models for Analyzing Buyers’ contains a figure that allows us to analyze the procedure of pre to post purchase analysis. utilizing a survey of how the inputs of purchasing influences. and the channels of obtaining information may take to buying responses. This may besides be referred to the ‘black box model’ as it explores the buyer’s head. ( K otler. 1965 ) When researching an debut to consumer behavior. it is of import to first see the consumer. Through the determination devising procedure and the ‘black box’ theoretical account. we have examined some of the psychological procedures consumers go through when buying. In add-on to this. there are 7 keys to consumer behavior. These are a manner for sellers to understand the best possible ways they can act upon consumers and to understand their penchants and behaviors. 7 KEYS TO CONSUMER BEHAVIOURM- MOTIVATION( Functional ) The merchandises public presentation proves a ground for the client to make up ones mind to purchase it. ( Self Expressive ) The consumer’s behavior is judged by their demand to show their feelings and desires. They want to demo something approximately themselves as an person. Examples of this may be the Apple vs. PC argument. Apple users feel that having a Mac says something approximately them as an person. ( Mix of Motivation ) Consumers buy a merchandise for multiple reasons- visual aspect. public presentation and the image it gives the proprietor all come together. An illustration of this might be the buying of a auto. The consumer might seek for something dependable. broad. and good looking. A- ACTIVITIES This includes cognitive actions such as believing about the merchandise. visual image. observations and analyzing. These besides include physical activities. or making the action. These would include talking to a sales representative. seeking on a jacket. taking a auto for a trial thrust. and paying for something. The concluding factor would be how the consumer uses the merchandise. This would include either positive or negative experiences. P- Procedure These can be related back to the activities a individual goes through. It is the pre-purchase. purchase. and post-purchase phase of the consumer’s relationship with the merchandise. ( Pre-purchase ) From the consumer’s position this would include. how does the consumer decide that they need the merchandise? Where can the consumer learn about alternate options? The marketer’s position during this procedure would oppugn how the consumers attitudes or sentiments of the merchandise are formed or changed? How do consumers make up ones mind whether a merchandise is superior to another or non. An illustration in this economic clime would be Lidl and Aldi’s usage of advertisement. They are cognizant that consumer’s do non desire to pay more for similar merchandises. so the usage of an advertizement comparing the two merchandises by criterion and pricing allows consumer’s to believe they are having the same quality at a lower monetary value. ( Purchas e Activities ) During this phase the consumer is traveling through the procedure of either a pleasant or nerve-racking experience with the merchandise. Customer service criterions and biotechnologies one time once more come into drama when consumer’s see the emotional fond regard. As Tim Manners provinces in ‘The Empowered Shopper’ . ‘They [ the consumer ] may besides happen inspiration in the signifier of merchandise use thoughts. promotional offers. or other merchandises or trade names that they had non considered before. A positive shopping experience will reenforce the consumer’s committedness to both the trade name and the retail merchant. ( Post-Purchase Activities ) From the consumer’s position. this phase inquiries whether the merchandise provides pleasance. Does it make the occupation it was intended to make. and how will the consumer dispose of the merchandise? Each stage links to either the strengthening or weakening of the trade name in the consum er’s head. and hence marketer’s guarantee that a positive reaction is fulfilled. T- Timing Clocking examines how long the determination devising procedure takes topographic point. and the figure of activities involved in doing the determination. R- ROLESWhen a consumer is buying a merchandise or service. they are playing different psychological functions. These may include functions ‘as shopper. as picker. as communicator. as character adventurer. as pleasance searcher. as Rebel. as victim. as militant. and as citizen. ’ ( Thomas. 1997 ) Solomon et al describe in their book. Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. that ‘since people act out many different functions. they may modify their ingestion determinations harmonizing to the peculiar ‘play’ they are in at the clip. ( Solomon et al. 2010 ) Slide 9 in Appendix 1 contains more information on these functions. I- Influence Influences can be described as things that persuade the consumer to see a merchandise or service in a peculiar visible radiation. Three types of influences that may happen are external influences. internal procedures ( including consumer determination devising ) and post- determination procedures. ( Noel. 2009 ) Examples of internal influences would include the consumer’s life style. category. music manners. sub-culture. household. or the type of media they consume. External influences would be recognized as values. civilization and the people that surround them. Noel goes on to province. ‘External influences. such as a consumer’s civilization. have a direct impact on their internal. psychological procedures and other factors that lead to different consumer determinations being made. For case. a consumer’s faith could impact on their attitudes towards eating beef or other types of meat ; or their age could impact on their ability to comprehend fast-moving objects in certain telecasting commercials. ’ ( Noel. 2009 ) P- PeoplesThe universe of consumers. similar to the universe in general. is made up of many different types of people. Theorists such as Jung and Durkheim discuss the thought of a corporate consciousness. and how the media is making a set of shared beliefs within society. When sing the ‘people’ in consumer behavior. it would be considered a marketer’s dream for a ‘one size tantrums all’ bundle to consumers. However. tools such as market cleavage show us that consumers come in different forms and sizes. and hence must be studied and grouped harmonizing to their similar involvements. Market SEGMENTATIONContinuing to analyze the consumers themselves. market cleavage is a tool used by sellers to set up who their consumers are. based on similar features in their external and internal influences. An illustration of this in usage would be the advertizements shown on the side of your Facebook page. They are aimed at you specifically based on your gender. age. birthday. location. ‘likes’ and involvements. relationship position. linguistic communication. instruction. workplace. connexions and even friends of connexions. ( Dunnay. Krueger A ; Elad. 2010 ) In the 3rd edition of Solomon et al’s Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. they supply a chart depicting market cleavage under the headers of ‘category’ and ‘variable’ . ( Solomon et al. 2006 ) Schiffman. Hansen and Kanuk describe marketing cleavage in relation to the selling construct in their book ‘Consumer Behaviour: A European Outlook’ . They province that the selling construct has been split into several alternate attacks. referred to ‘the production construct. the merchandise construct and the merchandising construct. The three major strategic tools of marketing are market cleavage. aiming and positioning’ . ( Schiffman et al. 2008 ) This shows the importance of the relationship between consumers and sellers. as sellers continue to research consumer behavior utilizing these schemes. CONSUMER RESEARCH Similar to marketing research. consumer research exists within two paradigms. the qualitative and the quantitative. Consumer Research contains a six measure procedure. Specify the aims of the research Roll uping and measuring secondary informationsPlaning a primary research surveyRoll uping primary informationsAnalyzing the informationFixing a study on the findings.( Rifatbabu. 2010 )The two most indispensable attacks to consumer research are positivism and interpretivism. In a positivism attack. the research worker regards the consumer behavior subject as an applied selling scientific discipline. ( Ibid ) This signifier of research is quantitative. and anticipations are made about the actions the consumer will take. Contrary to this. the station modern interpretivist position looks more into the ingestion of goods. instead than merely the purchasing of goods. Once once more the external and internal influences. and the consumer determination doing procedure comes into both of these attacks. The chart below shows the contrast between the rationalist and interpretivist attack. ( Rifabatu. 2010 ) KOTLER’S 5 KEY THEORISTSIn the 29th edition of the Journal of Marketing. theoretician Philip Kotler presented the thought that the survey of consumer behavior may be described in five ways. harmonizing to the 5 cardinal theoreticians. Each theoretician took a different position on consumer behavior surveies. including the economic. larning. psychological. societal and the personal organizational consumer. The theoreticians included in these schools of idea are Alfred Marshall. Ivan Pavlov. Sigmund Freud. Thorstein Veblen and Thomas Hobbs severally. A line from each. depicting their school of idea. may sum up their theory separately. Marshallian Model – Harmonizing to this theory ‘the consumers are assumed to be rational and witting about economic computations. They follow the jurisprudence of fringy public-service corporation. An single purchaser seeks to pass his money on such goods which give maximal satisfaction ( public-service corporation ) harmonizing to his involvements and at comparative cost. ’ ( MBA-Marketing. 2008 ) Pavlovian Model- ‘Learning is an associatory procedure that contains four cardinal constructs: thrust. cue. response. and reinforcement’ ( Michman et al. 2003 ) This theoretical account is frequently associated with Pavlov’s experiment in developing a Canis familiaris to eat at the sound of a whistling. Freudian Model- This theoretical account is based on Freud’s theories of the Id. Ego and Superego. The theoretical account suggests that the Id would drive consumers to want merchandises. stressing the subconscious motives for devouring. Veblenian Model- Suggests that consumers are effected by their societal influences. Michman states ‘†¦the impact of present group ranks and aspired group ranks is stressed†¦conspicuous ingestion operates in the purchase†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ( Michman et al. 2003 ) Hobbesian Model- Hobbs suggests that the organizational consumer is besides a personal consumer. ‘The purchaser has private purposes. and yet he tries to make a satisfactory occupation for his corporation. ’ ( Karp. 1974 ) Relationship Sellingâ€Å"Mass advertisement can assist construct trade names. but genuineness is what makes them last. If people believe they portion values with a company. they will remain loyal to the trade name. † ( Schultz. 2012 ) The quotation mark above. from Howard Schultz’s book ‘Pour Your Heart Into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time’ . can learn sellers that there is more to the survey of consumer behavior than merely selling. As a consumer. they want a connexion with their purchase. and companies may take to admit and provide this connexion through relationship selling. Palmatier tells us that the definition of marketing itself had been updated by the American Marketing Association in 2004. Selling is now defined as ‘an organisational map and a set of procedures for making. communication. and presenting value to clients and for pull offing client relationships in ways that benefit the organisation and its stakeholders’ . ( Palmatier. 2008 ) As you may see. an accent has been added to the direction of client relationships. and this is no surprise as invention in the past 20 old ages has changed the function of marketing drastically. Relationship selling allows for the care of a strong relationship between concern and consumer. It besides works as traditional selling does. by pulling new consumers into their market. This may be achieved in many ways. such as gift cards. trueness cards or charity competitions. An illustration of the success could be the Supervalu concatenation in Ireland. The trueness card allows consumers to derive points. and provides price reduction vacations upon a certain figure of points. This assures Supervalu clients that they are having more than merely good service and low-cost shopping. and allows them to experience like a portion of the Supervalu community. Another usage for the client trueness card is the usage of database selling. These databases allow sellers to analyze which merchandises are selling. and shows the clients personal penchant of merchandise. In return for the clients engagement. they receive direct selling that is important to them. For illustration. Tesco Club card users receive monthly vouchers on points they have often bought. As discussed earlier. Facebook advertisement and Youtube advertisement entreaty straight to the consumer. as they examine their involvements and gustatory sensation and advertise merchandises they might be interested in. In a technological age. the usage of societal networking has changed the universe of selling. The usage of Facebook and Twitter are common among big and little companies. as they may portion the page among friends. or hold competitions to affect the consumer. The diagram below shows the relevant figure of societal characteristics that sites usage. It is a strong representation of the altering times in selling. and allows us to analyze how some Irish companies are utilizing societal characteristics on their e-commerce site. Diagram: ( O’Toole. 2011 ) The survey of consumer behavior extends into many more elaborate Fieldss. nevertheless. this paper has aimed to research the introductory points necessary for the cognition of consumer behavior. The relationship between consumer and seller continues to be examined. and new methods of research will go on to be formed. In an advanced age. the universe of consumer behavior is increasingly atilt towards the add-on of the cyberspace. including societal networking and e-commerce. Sellers will go on to utilize ethical signifiers of advertisement to make popular civilization. taking to successful concern. Mentions Dunay. P. Krueger. R. Elad. J. ( 2011 ) Facebook Advertising for Dummies. Wiley Publishing. Inc. New Jersey. Icmrindia ( no author/ twelvemonth ) Consumers Behavior. Accessed from:hypertext transfer protocol: //www. icmrindia. org/courseware/Consumer % 20Behavior/CBC06. htmRetrieved: February. 2013 Karp. R. ( 1974 ) Issues in Marketing. p. 64. Ardent Media Kaur. R. ( 2012 ) Unit 1- Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Action. Accessed From: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. slideshare. net/tamana2223/7008203-consumerbehaviourRetrieved: February. 2013 Kotler. P. ( 1965 ) Behavioral Models for Analyzing Buyers. Journal of selling. Vol. 29 pgs. 37-45 Michman. R. Mazze. E. Greco. A. ( 2003 ) Lifestyle Selling: Reaching the New American Consumer. Greenwood Publishing Group. MBA-Marketing ( 2008 ) Consumer Behaviour: Lesson 5. Consumer Behaviour Models. Accessed From: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scribd. com/doc/7008203/57/ECONOMIC-OR-MARSHALLIAN-MODEL Retrieved: February. 2013 Noel. H. ( 2009 ) Basics Marketing 01: Consumer Behaviour. AVA Publishing O’Toole. A. ( 2011 ) How sociable is Irish E-Commerce? Rifatbabu ( 2010 ) Consumer Research. Accessed From: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. slideshare. net/rifatbabu/consumer-resarchRetrieved: February. 2013 Schiffman. L. Hansen. H. Kanuk. L. ( 2008 ) Consumer Behaviour: A European Outlook. 9th Ed. Pearson Education. Solomon. M. Bamossy. G. Hogg. M. K. ( 2006 ) Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall. England. Solomon. M. Bamossy. G. Askegaard. S. ( 2010 ) Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. 4th Ed. Pearson Education. Thomas. M. J. ( 1997 ) Consumer Market Research: Does it hold cogency? MCB University Press.

40 Fish Idioms

40 Fish Idioms 40 Fish Idioms 40 Fish Idioms By Mark Nichol The ubiquity of fish in culinary traditions and the popularity of fishing as both a recreational pastime and a food-gathering activity has led to the development of many fish-based idioms, including those listed and described below. 1. all is fish that comes to his net: a proverb that alludes to a person’s resourcefulness 2–4. another/different/whole other kettle of fish: spoken to recognize an abrupt shift in the topic being discussed 5–6. better/other fish to fry: a reference to having more important things to do than what one is doing or than what is proposed 7. big fish: an important or influential person 8–9. big fish in a little/small pond: an important or influential person on an insignificant scale, such as in a small community 10. cold fish: a person who does not exude friendliness or show emotions 11. cry stinking fish (primarily British English): self-deprecate 12. drink like a fish: imbibe excessive amounts of alcohol 13–14. fine/pretty kettle of fish: a predicament 15. fish around: investigate 16–17. fish for a compliment/compliments: encourage someone to say something favorable about you without asking outright 18. fish in troubled waters: involve oneself in a dangerous or difficult situation to risk gaining an advantage 19. fish or cut bait: an admonition to act or to remove oneself as an obstacle to another person acting 20. fish out of water: a reference to a person who feels awkward or uncomfortable because he or she is in an unfamiliar environment 21–24. fish out/fish out of/fish up/fish up out of: retrieve (the first variation is also used literally to mean â€Å"deplete a body of water of its fish population by overfishing†) 25. fish story: an exaggerated account or tall tale, from the supposed tendency of fishermen to claim that the â€Å"one that got away† was larger than it actually was 26. fish-eating grin: smug smile 27. fish-eye lens: a type of wide-angle camera lens 28. fish: inept or stupid person 29. fishy: suspicious 30. like shooting fish in a barrel: a reference to something that is extremely easy to do, on the notion that fish swimming in a barrel rather than in open water make for an easy target 31–32. need (something) like/about as much as a fish needs a bicycle: a reference to the incompatibility of a fish and a bicycle to convey that something is utterly useless to someone 33. neither fish nor fowl: an allusion to something difficult to categorize, describe, or understand 34–35. odd/queer fish: a strange person 36–37. plenty of/more fish in the sea: a reference to the notion that many other romantic partners are available to one after the end of a relationship or after one is rejected by another person 38. teach a man to fish: the essence of a proverb, one version of which is â€Å"Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime,† which means that it is better to teach someone to do something than to do it for him or her 39. The cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet: A proverbial comment referring to the necessity of enduring annoyance or taking risks to achieve goals 40. What’s that got to do with the price of fish? (primarily British English): a response to an irrelevant comment or a non sequitur Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words8 Writing Tips for Beginners40 Idioms with First

Jeffery Dahmer Essays - Gay Men, Human Trophy Collecting

Jeffery Dahmer Essays - Gay Men, Human Trophy Collecting Jeffery Dahmer Childhood When I was a little kid I was just like anybody else. Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer came into the world at 4.34pm on the 21st of May at the Evangelical Deaconess Hospital in Milwaukee 1960. Little did his parents know at the time of his birth that there son would become one of America's most famous serial killers not only for the amount of victims which he had killed but also for dismembering them and his necrophilic tendencies. Jeffrey's childhood started like any other he had two parents who loved and adored there son dearly giving him what ever his heart desired. Joyce Dahmer started a scrap book on her son recording events that happened in his life, his first step, his first accident, his first tooth, his first haircut and even his first scolding. While Jeffrey was still very young his father worked long hours in his laboratory and his mother worked as a teletype machine instructor. But the carrying of Jeffrey had been hard on Joyce Dahmer and every little thing seemed to annoy her. So Lionel being the the husband that he was and wanting the best for his wife they moved to his mothers house in West Allis, but the crack's in the marriage started to show early. There were constant fights between Joyce and Lionel Dahmer and Jeffrey took each of these fights to heart. Little did they realise that there constant fighting would be the one of the reasons for Jeffrey's downfall. I decided I wasn't ever going to get married because I never wanted to go through anything like that A short time before Jeffrey's fourth birthday, Jeffrey was diagnosed with a double hernia that needed to be operated on. This operation left Jeffrey feeling open and exposed nobody explained to Dahmer what was going on. He felt scared by the operation, complete strangers coming up to him and exploring his body. This experience is said to have marked his subconscious forever. But like every little boy of Jeffrey's age he was just like anybody else climbing apple trees, riding his bike and p laying in coal dust and coming home dirty. Though he was painfully shy while growing up he over came this in time. By the time Jeffrey turned six his mother gave birth to a second son who she called David. Though this did not have a dramatic effect on Dahmer's life he stayed pretty much neutral to his brothers existence and they never became close. By the time of his second son's birth Lionel Dahmer and his family moved into there own house at 4480 West Bath Road, surrounded by open forest where Jeffrey could lose himself in a world of make believe. As Jeffrey grew towards puberty, his sinking isolation and shyness was confirmed once again. An early sexual experiment with a another boy proved to be disappointing and joyless. Jeffery should have come to a time in his life where he wanted to experience the joys of life and the companionship of friends, but Jeffrey withdrew into himself and kept his life somewhat of a secret. Jeffrey's Dahmer's life conditioned him for the hard struggl e that lay ahead, little did he know that in just over 16 years he would become one of America's most famous serial killers having murdered 17 people, dismembering them and sleeping with there corpses and keeping parts of his victims for trophy's. This is the grand finale of a life poorly spent and the end result is just overwhelmingly depressing..... a sick pathetic, miserable life story, that's all it is The Baptism of Jeffrey Dahmer (Reprinted from the Christian Woman May/April 1995) by Roy Ratcliff Convicted serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer was beaten and killed Nov. 28, 1994, by a fellow inmate at the Colombia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wis. The attack occurred while Dahmer and another inmate were cleansing a bathroom in the prison gymnasium. The minister who baptized Dahmer shares his story and tells about a courageous woman who thought Dahmer was worth saving. I first heard about Jeffrey Dahmer's desire for baptism through Roy McRay, a preacher in Milwaukee. He had rece ived a phone call from Curtis Booth of Crescent, Okla.,

Research Paper on the History of the United States Navy Essay

Research Paper on the History of the United States Navy - Essay Example Thus, it can be said that the US navy does not have any specific origin, but it rather came in to being because of the requirements and political progressions of that time. In the eighteenth century, US navy used the fleet of the ship-of-line in their wars. These ships were beautifully designed keeping in mind all the important aspects of the needs and requirements of the war time. Three vast masts were incorporated in these ships, which towered 200 feet above the surface level of the sea. These ships basically worked on the propulsion of the winds, and they therefore were totally not dependent upon the energy. The ships were easy and comfortable enough to be lived in as long as possible. In the 19th century, when Japan started creating its own ships and battle cruises, the US naval forces started working on the building of new fleet of ships. Every war made the US navy stronger comparatively. Exercise and hardships made the US stand against all the naval forces of the world. In the present time, the US navy is considered to be the best among all the naval forces of the world (Howarth 229). The history of the US navy basically started from 1775 when the war between Lexington and Concord took place. A fleet under the leadership of Captain Abraham Whipple overtook and captured the British tender located in Narragansett Bay. Meanwhile, Congress was recommended to build a Continental Navy to fight against these actions. Washington’s navy, was asked by George Washington to attack the British ships by using Hannah in the action. In response to this action, Continental navy came into existence in the same year. Silas Deane, Christopher Gadsden and John Langdon were the supervisors of this work (Howarth 57). The first action of the Continental navy took place in 1776. The Continental Navy could not survive because its discovery was considered as the worst

The Merchants Tale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Merchants Tale - Essay Example He is upset that such a beautiful young woman married an old fellow. As they returned to their home, January apologized in advance for the sexual exploits he would act on her. After the customary four days, May joins January at the banquet table and it is at this point that he notices Damien’s absence and is informed he is ill. He sends May to visit him on his behalf, during the visit, Damien hands a letter to May declaring his love for her and in return she reciprocates by writing to him about her love towards him. However, January’s happiness does not last for long as he loses his eyesight, this result to him relying on May for assistance, something that Damien is not happy about. May signals to Damien to January’s secret garden. She displayed a lusty appetite for fruits and led January to the garden where she asked him to bend over and let her stand on his back as she climbed a tree to get pear. She climbed up where she met Damien and they had sex. Suddenly, J anuary’s eyesight was restored and saw May and Damien having sex and he was filled with rage. May convinced January that his sight was weak and the brightness affected his sight such that he saw certain things strangely. She jumped from the tree and January embraced her. According to the merchant, the theme of marriage can be described from two fronts in this tale: marriage as a state of holy matrimony, a means to secure an heir, he demonstrates a wife who has good qualities and how they support each other during instances of need. However, he also reflects his bitterness towards marriage as he is unhappy and has only been married for two months. Due to May’s infidelity, the reader may conclude that January is a foolish husband, May, a slut and Damien a

Communication And Social Development In Society

Communication And Social Development In Society A society can neither exist without communication nor can a social structure survive without it. The multi faceted development (economic, social, political and cultural) have further asserted the importance of communication in human life. Successful communication is the key to all social relationships and environments personal or professional. What is Communication? Communication is something so simple and difficult that we can never put it in simple words. Various sociologists, educationists and psychologists have defined communication in different ways and according to the disciplines to which they belong. According to Legans communication is an act of getting a sender and a receiver tuned together for a particular massage or series of messages. Schramm says, it occurs between two corresponding systems accompanied through one or more non-corresponding systems, resulting in an identical status to establish commonness. Others like Howland, Warren Weaver, Gist, Loomis and Beegles etc. have defined communication in their respective ways, but one can conclude that it is a social interaction, that transfers the thoughts or ideas from one person or group to another so that it could be understood and acted upon. The more homogenous a group is, the effective the communication. In the 21st Century, everyone in the world can compete on an equal footing with everyone else. Therefore the difference between success and failure will be the ability to communicate and to understand. Communication is a continuous activity. It is the two way process. It is an act of sharing knowledge, feeling, ideas, information with the use of words, facial expressions, gestures, body movement and often silence, that takes its meaning from the situation. The communication situation exist when: there is a person (sender or transmitter) desirous of passing on some information; there is another person (receiver) to whom the information is to be passes on; the receiver partly or wholly understands the message passed on to him; the receiver responds to the message i.e., there some kind of feedback. The communication situation cannot exist in the absence of any of these four components. Consultant Faculty Member, Center for English Language Training (CELT), College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007. e-mail: [emailprotected] Communication is the lifeblood of the world. In todays globalized world, communication is essential for life. Communication is more than just a matter of speaking and hearing. Good communication, on the other hand, means that your message will be sent and that the people understand the message in its entirety. Further, they are much more likely to respond in a positive manner if the message was communicated effectively. A poorly communicated message will result in an unfavorable response. You cannot have human relations without communication. However, good and effective communication is required not only for good human relations but also for good social development. Types of Communication Verbal oral and written Non-Verbal expression, expressive behaviors and body language Communication Distinctions Formal/Informal Official/unofficial information exchange Vertical/Horizontal Superior Subordinates/peers Personal/Impersonal Situation of mutual influence/exchange without mutual influence Instrumental/Expressive Necessary for job/non-job information transmission Principles of Communication In order to make our communication effective we should follow certain scientific principles. They are shown in the Figure 1. Figure 1 Courtesy Consideration Conciseness Completeness Clarity Correctness Principles Of Communication Clarity For clarity of expression: use simple, easy-to-understand words, use single words for long phrases, use concrete expressions that have a visual impact on the mind and will be easy to remember, prefer active constructions, which are direct, avoid jargon. Completeness For completeness ask: who, what, where, when and, why. Conciseness For conciseness: only relevant facts, no repetition, no verbosity, proper organization of the message. Consideration For consideration: avoid gender bias, emphasize positive, pleasant facts. Courtesy Courtesy begets courtesy: so make your message courteous, use empathy, be respectful by not fawning, be brief, clear and courteous. Correctness Correctness implies: giving correct facts, at an appropriate time, in a suitable style. Conditions for Effective Communication Scholz describes some of the factors which influence the effectiveness of communication. The credibility of the communicator and the motive attributed to him have a profound influence on the reception of his message. The most successful communications are those which reinforce at least some of the audiences beliefs, those which state conclusions as well as premises and those which call for action. People are interested first in people, then in things, last in ideas. Their attitudes and opinions are strongly influenced by the groups to which they belong or want to belong. It is better to communicate information little by little over a period of time than all at once. Repeating a communication obviously prolongs its influence. Short sentences, familiar words and active verbs help to make communication both interesting and persuasive. In changing opinions, an oral presentation tends to be more effective than the written word. Only rarely is it possible for communication, particularly over the short range, to impart deep-seated attitudes or beliefs. Mass communication alone is hardly ever an effective agent of change. Communication in Education Traditional education always neglected communication. When we talk of communication skills in the field of education, it not only points at the provider, supplier or teachers but also it is equally important to develop this art among the recipients or the students. Quest of knowledge, search of truth, urge of understanding have resulted in identifying communication as the ultimate factor in making education effective. Communication is an art and if used scientifically in education it can create wonders. Communication in Industries Communication is a valuable skill. If you possess strong communication skills, this will go far in effectively helping you communicate in both your personal and professional lives. Being able to successfully communicate in business is a prime qualification many employers actively look for when hiring new staff. When conducting business we interact with different people, including, but not limited to customers, bosses, colleagues and subordinates. Depending on the nature of business we may also interact with other agencies or partnering organizations. No matter the industry, if we work for the private or public sector, or what our line, grade or position is, it is a guarantee communication will somehow prominently play a part in our daily routine. Your communication skills not only reflect upon you but your business. Organizations want to ensure they hire candidates who possess these dexterities. Once in the position our communication skills illuminate a statement about both yourself and our company, and well want to present a positive image. Projecting poor communication skills may paint us or our organization in a negative light. Communication and Globalization Culture, Communication and Globalization are focused on issues related to intercultural and international approaches to the ways in which culture, communication and globalization interplay with the world around us. Today India is developing fast vertically in the field of industry, trade, education etc., but if the efforts are put at individual level in the area of communication whether interpersonal or intrapersonal, the horizontal development in terms of quality could be also achieved at the desirable rate.